Age Defy Skin Refiner

• WaterSolvent
• Rosa Centifolia (Cabbage Rose) Flower WaterSkin Conditioning, Skin Protecting
• Pentylene GlycolSolvent, Skin Conditioning
• Dipotassium GlycyrrhizateSkin Conditioning, Humectant, Flavoring Agent, Soothing
• Disodium EDTAViscosity Controlling, Chelating Agent
• Sodium HydroxidePh Adjuster, Buffering Agent, Denaturant
• Pearl PowderSkin Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Emollient, Antioxidant
• NiacinamideSkin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Smoothing

  Ingredient Notes

  Niacinamide is a B vitamin, but not one of the B vitamins linked to Malassezia. Growth work names thiamine (B1) and pyridoxine (B6) as increasing growth alongside a lipid, without being required for it. Thiamine is not food for the yeast: it speeds the step that turns an amino acid into the carbon skeleton it uses, and supplying that skeleton directly removes the need for thiamine entirely. B3 is not named in any of that work. We rate niacinamide safe on that evidence rather than treating the whole B group as one risk, and nothing we hold shows it treats fungal acne either.

  EWG1

  CIRS

  References

  • https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03616-3_4
  • https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-58-14895
  • https://doi.org/10.1007/s004030050304
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5605215/
  • https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dth.12481
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25399625/
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3724370/
• Colloidal GoldSkin Conditioning, Antimicrobial
• Acetyl Heptapeptide-9Skin Conditioning
• PhenoxyethanolFragrance, Preservative
• PropanediolSolvent, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Decreasing Agent
• MethylisothiazolinonePreservative

Packaging and formulations can change. Always verify the live box, bottle, or retailer ingredient list before use.