Propolis Vitamin Synergy Serum

• Propolis ExtractSkin Conditioning
• Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit ExtractSkin Conditioning, Antioxidant
• WaterSolvent
• GlycerinSolvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

  Ingredient Notes

  In a lab study, Malassezia was unable to grow on glycerin without the presence of fatty acids in the agar, indicating that it is not a fungal acne trigger.

  EWG2

  CIRS

  References

  • https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Glycerol
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18510666
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11301638
  • https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/6/3/45
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29737895
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4128616
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC118058/
  • https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022202X15498574
  • http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZHYY201307007.htm
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25134312/
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5137500/
• Butylene GlycolSolvent, Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Controlling, Viscositydecreasing Agent
• Rosa Damascena (Rose) Flower WaterFragrance Ingredient, Masking, Skin Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Antioxidant
• NiacinamideSkin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Smoothing

  Ingredient Notes

  Niacinamide is a B vitamin, but not one of the B vitamins linked to Malassezia. Growth work names thiamine (B1) and pyridoxine (B6) as increasing growth alongside a lipid, without being required for it. Thiamine is not food for the yeast: it speeds the step that turns an amino acid into the carbon skeleton it uses, and supplying that skeleton directly removes the need for thiamine entirely. B3 is not named in any of that work. We rate niacinamide safe on that evidence rather than treating the whole B group as one risk, and nothing we hold shows it treats fungal acne either.

  EWG1

  CIRS

  References

  • https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03616-3_4
  • https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-58-14895
  • https://doi.org/10.1007/s004030050304
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5605215/
  • https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dth.12481
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25399625/
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3724370/
• Dipropylene GlycolSolvent, Masking, Fragrance, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Decreasing Agent
• Sodium HyaluronateSkin Conditioning, Humectant
• 1,2-HexanediolSolvent
• BetaineSkin Conditioning, Humectant, Viscosity Controlling, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning
• Glycosyl TrehaloseHumectant, Emulsion Stabilizing, Skin Protecting, Binding Agent, Film Forming
• Manuka Honey ExtractSkin Conditioning, Humectant, Moisturising
• Beta-GlucanSkin Conditioning, Bulking Agent
• Caprylyl GlycolSkin Conditioning, Emollient, Humectant, Hair Conditioning
• Hydrogenated Starch HydrolysateHumectant
• AllantoinSkin Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Soothing, Anti-inflammatory, Keratolytic Agent
• CarbomerViscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilizing, Gel Forming
• ArginineCautionSkin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

  Ingredient Notes

  This amino acid accelerates the growth of Malassezia in the presence of lipids. Patch testing recommended.

  EWG1

  CIRS

  References

  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3255962/
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9681680
  • https://www.google.com/books/edition/Malassezia_and_the_Skin/WSKEPJNe_UEC?gbpv=1&pg=PA122
• HydroxyethylCelluloseViscosity Controlling, Viscosity Increasing Agent, Emulsion Stabilising, Binding Agent, Binding, Stabilising, Film Forming
• EthylhexylglycerinSkin Conditioning, Deodorant
• AdenosineSkin Conditioning
• Dipotassium GlycyrrhizateSkin Conditioning, Humectant, Flavoring Agent, Soothing
• Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit OilMasking, Fragrance
• Centella Asiatica (Gotu Kola) ExtractSkin Conditioning, Cleansing, Soothing, Tonic, Smoothing, Antioxidant
• Portulaca Oleracea ExtractAntioxidant, Anti-Microbial, Anti-Inflammatory, Skin Conditioning
• Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) ExtractSkin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Soothing, Cosmetic Astringent
• Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) ExtractMasking, Tonic, Astringent, Antioxidant
• Ficus Carica (Fig) Fruit ExtractSkin Conditioning, Emollient, Humectant, Plasticizer
• Morus Alba Fruit ExtractAntioxidant
• Ginkgo Biloba Nut ExtractSkin Conditioning, Hair Conditioning, Antioxidant
• Pentylene GlycolSolvent, Skin Conditioning
• Aspalathus Linearis ExtractSkin Conditioning, Antioxidant
• Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root ExtractSkin Conditioning, Perfuming, Humectant, Antioxidant

Packaging and formulations can change. Always verify the live box, bottle, or retailer ingredient list before use.