Vitamin C 15% V.A. Serum

• PropanediolSolvent, Viscosity Controlling, Viscosity Decreasing Agent
• Aloe Barbadensis (Aloe Vera) Leaf ExtractSkin Conditioning, Emollient, Humectant
• Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)Skin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance, Antioxidant, Ph Adjuster, Buffering Agent
• 1,2-HexanediolSolvent
• GlycerinSolvent, Perfuming, Fragrance, Humectant, Viscosity Decreasing Agent, Hair Conditioning, Skin Protecting, Denaturant

  Ingredient Notes

  In a lab study, Malassezia was unable to grow on glycerin without the presence of fatty acids in the agar, indicating that it is not a fungal acne trigger.

  EWG2

  CIRS

  References

  • https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Glycerol
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18510666
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11301638
  • https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/6/3/45
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29737895
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4128616
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC118058/
  • https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022202X15498574
  • http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZHYY201307007.htm
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25134312/
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5137500/
• ArginineCautionSkin Conditioning, Masking, Fragrance, Antistatic Agent, Hair Conditioning

  Ingredient Notes

  This amino acid accelerates the growth of Malassezia in the presence of lipids. Patch testing recommended.

  EWG1

  CIRS

  References

  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3255962/
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9681680
  • https://www.google.com/books/edition/Malassezia_and_the_Skin/WSKEPJNe_UEC?gbpv=1&pg=PA122
• Sodium HyaluronateSkin Conditioning, Humectant
• Hamamelis Virginiana (Witch Hazel) Leaf ExtractSkin Conditioning, Cosmetic Astringent
• Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) ExtractAntioxidant; Skin Conditioning
• Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf ExtractSkin Conditioning, Antioxidant, Skin Repairing, Antioxidant, Perfuming
• Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) ExtractSkin Conditioning, Fragrance, Perfuming
• Aspalathus Linearis ExtractSkin Conditioning, Antioxidant
• Disodium EDTAViscosity Controlling, Chelating Agent

Packaging and formulations can change. Always verify the live box, bottle, or retailer ingredient list before use.